Representative Democracy

A Representative democracy is define as The form of government that rests on the principle of the people being represented by individuals they elect;it is government that holds the belief that elected officials represent the people. Countries that have representative democracies include the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. A Representative Democracy is the only type of governance that provides the order of having a hierarchy with the satisfaction of the people having control.Representative democracy is the most successful form of government because the people have the power, The human rights are highly respected and protected, and The welfare of the society would not be put aside for the needs of the individual. Giving people the power to vote for their leaders in government is a way to have the majority of the peoples ideas be brought up. Having specifically designated elected officials in government can help simplify the needs and problems of societies with everyone agreeing on the decisions made.Governments that represent the views of the people tend to have higher success rates and less rebellion. In a representative democracy form of government the human rights are held to the highest standards. The right to life and liberty acknowledges that all human beings should be free. Freedom of speech also primarily guarantees that the government itself would not prohibit the people from voicing their opinions. Equality and fair treatment for everyone is also giving to the people by the government to show that everyone has the same opportunities.The welfare of the society would not be sidelined for the needs of the individual. Decisions would be made based on the common good of the people. Everyone is also encouraged to go voice their opinions and vote for what the believe is right. and everyone is entitled to free and public education and giving the ability to seek knowledge to better themselves and there society and take part in government decisions if the choose to.These are some of the many reasons why a representative democracy is the most successful form of government. Direct democracy may work very well among a small group of people, but the larger the group the more difficult it is to run effectively. Representative democracy eliminates this difficulty by operating on a much smaller scale the majority of the time Most people do not really want to vote all the time on political issues.Voting for a representative who agrees with you takes less effort, doesn't require you to do anything about issues that don't concern you and does not require you to learn about complex issues. Sources: (William P. Meyers (2002)The Original America: Republic or Democracy? ] [Held, D. (1996) Models of democracy] [Ankersmit, Frank R. (1996). Aesthetic Politics: Political Philosophy Beyond Fact and Value. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ] [Nadia Urbinati (2006) Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy. )

Chapter 5 Martin Outline

Chapter 5 Martin Walker – The Cold War Pages 112-135 Spies in the Skies: Sputnik to U-2 1. Link between Hungarian crackdown and Soviet relations with Poland and Yugoslavia: 2. Examples of Soviet economic boom of the 50’s and 60’s 3. U. S. Reactions to Sputnik’s launch 4. Gaither Report a. Its findings b. Its recommendations c. Eisenhower’s reactions 5. National Defense Act of 1958 and its results 6. Anglo-American relations warm sults tSoviet relations with Poland and Yugoslaviaand ensuing agreements 7. French intransigence following the Suez humiliation 8. De Gaulle . Algeria and the 4th Republic e. Meeting with General Norstad f. Consequences g. ICBM worries 9. Dulles, Adenauer and France 10. French and British begin divesting their countries of empires 11. Iraq presents a problem in 1958 and how the U. S. and British dealt with it 12. British hardballing in the Middle East 13. Roots of the growing British-French mistrust 14. Coup against Khrushch ev and the aftermath 15. China h. Growing discontent with Russia i. Mao’s West vs. East wind speech j. Mao’s Nuclear war stance k. Hundred Flowers Campaign l. Great Leap Forward m.Soviet response to Chinese appeal for nuclear aid against the U. S. 16. Examples of brinkmanship by both the Soviet and the U. S. 17. Why the need to display brinkmanship 18. Maintaining a nuclear balance and the unpredictable weights 19. Berlin n. Khrushchev’s proposal o. Why the U. S. found it difficult to agree to p. Khrushchev – Adenauer meeting 20. U-2 planes and their capabilities 21. Sino-Soviet split as reason for Soviet intransigence following the Paris Summit 22. Khrushchev, Soviet conventional armed forces, and the Strategic Rocket Forces 23. Cuba, sugar, and the Soviets

Sacagewea's Imact on Modern Native American Women in the Southwest Essay

Sacagewea's Imact on Modern Native American Women in the Southwest - Essay Example In many ways, Sacagawea has acted as a role model for the modern Native American woman and has transcended the stereotype left by the oppression of history. Sacagawea's image has been a lasting symbol of the Native American female. She has at times been represented as a mother with a child strapped on her back scouting her way beyond a distant horizon. She has also been shown as a Native Princess paddling a birch bark canoe in the light of a full moon. The turn of the 20th century witnessed the exploitation of the Native American female as they were portrayed on postcards and calendars as "princesses, who were more enticing, in their sexually explicit outfits, of low necklines, net stockings, and slit skirts" (Valaskakis 141). The pristine image of Sacagawea has endured because of the legend that surrounded her. Sacagawea has become a universal symbol that has framed the Native American woman and has given a voice to the Indian culture. The legend of Sacagawea has been a key component of the bridging of the gap between Native Americans and European settlers. In addition, it has added to our morality and attitudes toward race, ethnicity, and gender. The Lewis and Clark Expedition was a journey of white male Europeans being led by a Native American Woman. The magnitude of the expedition can be seen in Meriwether Lewis's journal entry of April 7, 1805 where he writes, "we are now about to penetrate a country at least two thousand miles in width, on which the foot of civillized (sic) man had never trodden; the good or evil it had in store for us was for experiment yet to determine, and these little vessells (sic) contained every article by which we were to expect to subsist or defend ourselves" (Lewis). The expedition was in the hands of Sacagawea and was reliant upon her for its success. This acknowledgement of the respect for Sacagawea laid the foundation for the women's movement that would affect women of all color decades later. The attitude of the white male power structure was one of overconfident invincibility in its move Westward to conquer the land and the Natives. However, the government had greatly underestimated the task of making it to the west coast. In 1803 President Thomas Jefferson wrote the Congress requesting the necessary resources to launch the expedition. Jefferson wrote, "It is understood that the country on the river is inhabited by numerous tribes [. . .] An intelligent officer with ten or twelve chosen men [. . .] might explore the whole line, even to the Western ocean" (Duncan and Burns 8). Jefferson and the government had placed the "ten or twelve chosen men" as a powerful force in the face of the Natives and nature. The expedition soon realized that they were undermanned when facing the vast hostile tribes of the West and Sacagawea was able to act as a symbol of peace rather than aggression ("The Life of Sacagawea"). The fact that one teenage Native woman would be needed to complete the trek across the country defined Sacagawea as a woman that was skilled, tenacious, and courageous. This portrayal has empowered the Native American female in a litany of other, and more personal, endeavors. The most powerful force that has impacted the Native American woman by the life of Sacagawea has been the inspiration that she has given to the young people in search of a role model. This

Epidemiology and communicable disease Assignment

Epidemiology and communicable disease - Assignment Example For example, individuals who have higher income are likely to access better health services while those with low income are likely not to access health services. This puts those poor person to develop diseases and do not go for treatment, thus making some communicable diseases to spread in the society (Marmot et al., 2012). Communicable disease chain is a circuit of events that starts from a disease-causing urgent to reach an individual ultimately and causes infection. The chain entails the following components: infectious agent, a reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host. For an individual to become infected the entire chain must be intact. However, breaking just one component of the chain of infection makes the infectious disease difficult to spread (Aginam, 2002). There are steps that a nurse can take to break the chain of infection and stop the disease from spreading. For example ensuring that, all children are fully immunized against some diseases like measles and flu among others since this will break the chain from the source. Proper hand washing before handling food, this breaks the chain on mode of transmission and prevents the spread (Brachman,

San Francisco estuary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

San Francisco estuary - Essay Example Therefore, the bay is very important to the people since it also contains marshes and mudflats that act as a source of food to fish in the area(Edmund,  2012). Therefore, this makes fishing a key economic activity in the area. The estuary has been found to support over a hundred species of fish that inhabit both the salty and fresh water. Apart from fish, the estuary also supports wildlife such as birds. Therefore, the estuary indeed contributes significantly to human welfare around the area. However, with time different human activities have posed a key threat to the bay. This is due to the negative effects that industrial, agricultural and mining activities have on the organisms that have inhabited the estuary. In addition, both birds and fish have been forced to migrate due to destruction of 80% of its marshes. Therefore, indeed different ways of restoring the estuary need to be developed (Edmund,  2012). The population of growth rate of San Francisco was reported to be very h igh after the population number clocked 825, 900 people in 2012 census. The number of children born each year keeps on increasing and yet, the corresponding death rate remains very low. Therefore, with this high population growth, the number of persons demanding food also keeps on increasing each year. ... Destruction of the wetlands affects the overall balance of the ecosystem since; it affects the flora and fauna in the estuary. Different food chains also become broken since; degradation of the wetlands also forces some birds and mammals to migrate the area (San Francisco Bay Joint Venture, 2001). Dredging is also an issue that has been raised by the increasing population (Cohen & Laws, 2012). Dredging leads to increased dumping of the dredged sediments thus, causes pollution of the estuary. Increased industrial activity also causes increased level of pollutants from the industrial wastes. Pollution has been found to be a key problem to the estuary since the year 1879. For instance, mining activities bring a large number of pollutants such as mercury to the estuary. Urban runoff is also a key source of pollution to the estuary. This is because; it carries with it chemicals and metals washed from the streets. On the other hand, petroleum products also enter the estuary through spillag e from motor vehicle engines and other accidental spills such as from boats and ships. Pesticides used in agriculturemay also be washed to the water thus contributing to the pollution (Cohen & Laws, 2012). On the other hand, some of the pesticides used to control weeds in the water may also pollute the estuary despite being helpful. Therefore, it is indeed essential that the authorities focus on controlling pollution since; it has many detrimental effects on the bay. Human behavior indeed increases the habitat fracture because; most of the reasons leading to the fracture arise from human activities (Edmund,  2012). For instance, mining, agriculture, construction and industrial activities are all activities that are caused by humans. Therefore,

The Origin of the Moon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Origin of the Moon - Essay Example The earliest theory among them is that â€Å"earth had somehow spawned the moon† out (Schrunk, 1). George Darwin, son of the biological evolution theorist, Charles Darwin, had proposed this theory known as â€Å"fission hypothesis† in 1878 (Schrunk,1). This theory was based on the logic that as moon is gradually moving away from the earth (because the time taken by moon to make one revolution around the earth goes on increasing), logically it can be concluded that this is the continuation of an outward momentum initiated by the fission. Hence it is concluded that once moon might have been â€Å"closer to the earth than it is now† (Schrunk, 1). The reason for the split is also well-explained in fission theory. It is speculated that some kind of gravitational imbalance within the earth caused by its previous shape might have made it spit out a piece which became moon. The fission theory is supported by the fact that the core matter of moon is â€Å"not as massive as the earth’s† and also that same nonradioactive stable oxygen isotopes are found on the â€Å"terrestrial rocks† of both earth and moon (Gergo, 4,5). Thus this theory speculates that it was from the less dense mantle of the earth that moon was broken away as a separate entity. The weakness of fission theory is that there is a scientifically proven minimum distance near to the earth below which moon cannot exist in solid form and can exist only as â€Å"a ring of debris† (Schrunk, 1). Hence moon could never be close to earth within this minimum distance and continue to exist as a solid cosmic body. After proving this in 1873, Edouard Roche contested fission hypothesis and put forth the â€Å"co-accretion† theory (Schrunk, 1). Co-accretion theory said that earth and moon most probably might have been formed â€Å"at the same time, in the same neighborhood of the solar system† (Schrunk, 2). This is an assumption based on the similarities in st ructure between earth and moon like the presence of oxygen isotopes. A third theory on the origin of moon was proposed by Thomas.J.J.See (qtd in Schrunk) who theorized that â€Å"moon was †¦ a captured satellite† (Schrunk, 2). This theory was supported by one fact which came to light in that period. It was proven that at least some of the satellites of Saturn and Jupiter might have been captured ones (Schrunk, 2). See’s theory later came to be called as â€Å"capture hypothesis† (Schrunk, 2). This theory says that owing to the gravitational dynamics within and around the area where now the solar system exists, the orbit of moon (which was then far away from the earth) came near the earth (Schrunk, 2). And earth captured moon into becoming its satellite. The fourth and latest hypothesis on the origin of moon is known as â€Å"planetesimal impact hypothesis† and this theory has evolved combining certain features of all the three theories on the origin of moon that were proposed before it (Schrunk, 2). This hypothesis takes the idea that earth was hit by a â€Å"pre-planetory body† of the size of Mars, from the capture hypothesis (Schrunk, 2). It also brings in the argument that this collision had forced out, a huge quantity of debris which is a proposition put forward by the fission hypothesis (Schrunk, 2). And finally the â€Å"planetesimal impact hypothesis† also concludes that this debris â€Å"condensed into moon,† as was suggested partially by the co-accretion hypothesis (Schrunk, 2). The collision is supposed to have happened around 100 million years after the formation of the earth (Wilkinson, 73). This great impct is also thought to have caused the tipping of the axis of the earth and â€Å"inaugurated the seasons† on earth (Wilkinson, 73). This is the theory on moon’s origin which has gained the maximum approval. This is also in the context of many

Financial Analysis for Kroger Co Research Paper

Financial Analysis for Kroger Co - Research Paper Example For an industry like Kroger’s, the most important factor for consumers is price. The products available in supermarkets are not differentiated and therefore they cannot be advertised heavily. Much of the advertisement that is done is carried out on the basis of attracting families to shop at Kroger because it is cost effective to do so. Apart from being cost effective Kroger also has products of high quality which makes it popular among American consumers. Kroger Co. has 42 manufacturing plants and including dairies, beverages and meat plants and all of these plants are of the highest standards. In the recent years there has been a tremendous increase in the fuel prices and the recent financial meltdown has made things worse for many industries including Kroger. The rise in fuel prices caused an increase in costs of the products sold by Kroger. Kroger is both a manufacturing company and a retail outlet and was therefore heavily affected by the increase in cost of fuel and othe r raw materials. According to Porter, there are 3 strategies a company can adopt to become competitive and Kroger has undertaken the â€Å"cost leadership† strategy which helps to differentiate it from the rest of the supermarket chains. The continuing increase in fuel prices will prevent Kroger from increasing costs and the strategy and it would be difficult to achieve goals. Kroger can shift to alternative sources of energy and reduce its costs that way. The recent financial meltdown meant that the demand for grocery products decreased to a large extent. In the past consumers would buy gourmet foods and other items from supermarkets but due to the credit crises that has decreased. Consumers have become more price conscious and buy only items that are necessary. Such a decrease in spending has affected the entire industry at large and profit margins have gone down since the past. In 2009 there was a 60.5% drop in consumer confidence index. (Zahorsky) Kroger has been taking a dvantage of the opportunities and developed its own brand called â€Å"Private Selection† and manufactures its own products under this brand name. Consumers often prefer branded products in place of national and Kroger has been successful in understanding this need. In 2009 Kroger earned around $1 billion in sales from this brand alone and the sales continue to grow today (Zahorsky). Such a step by Kroger would not only help the company but the industry as a whole. Liquidity Ratio Current ratio of Kroger Co. for the financial year 2012: = = 0.804 Current ratio for the year 2012= 0.804:1. The current ratio for the industry is around 0.8 which is the same as Kroger (Kroger Co. Ratios, 2012). The

Mangement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mangement - Assignment Example This demonstrates their willingness to work towards their very best the situational factors are given importance because these lay the basis for outlining how a manager can mold his personality in line with the workplace requirements. These embody the basis of his adaptability with the work manifestations – an act that has been deemed as necessary for a long time now. The article also mentions the need for having the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory. This facilitates in the training and development regimes of the employees as they are able to grasp a good enough understanding of how things shape up within the organizational realms (Author Unknown). The role of values is similarly pivotal as the same brings to light the related equation of focusing on the management implications. Employee performance depends a great deal on such factors and hence the emphasis should be placed to ensure that success comes about when commitment is present at all

Pedophilia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Pedophilia - Research Paper Example Pedophile is sexually attracted not towards opposite sex people but towards young children. Pedophiles abuse children in order to satisfy their sexual desires. This is why they pose a threat to the society. Pedophilia is considered as a mental disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases (WHO, 2007). Treatment of this disease is not known today. In this essay we will argue why a crimes like pedophilia are still persistent in our society. Absence of Appropriate Punishment Appropriate punishment can hinder any crime. It is in human nature to give in to emotional desires and only threat of punishment can stop criminals from committing any kind of crime. It is very hard for human beings to control his or her impulses therefore law and order and its enforcement is important in order to maintain the balance of the society. This balance will be only be maintained if appropriate punishment will be given to the criminals in accordance with the crimes they commit. Treatme nt of pedophiles in the justice system is not appropriate and that is why pedophilia is still persistent in our society today. Perpetuators of sexual abuse on children are not punished severely by the criminal system due to many reasons. Mostly children are not able to explain what has happened to them and that is why pedophiles are not identified. ... When sexually abused children feel that this is too part of life and therefore are not likely to report such incidents. This is a big hindrance in the punishment of pedophiles. They take advantage of this and continue their crimes. Also in the justice system there are certain loop holes and pedophiles exploit them to avoid punishments for their crimes. Children can usually not recount what has happened to them and are mostly not able to testify in courts. This is why pedophiles go free and are not convicted in court. It is also hard to prove sexual abuse on children because abuse is different from that on adults. Sexual intercourse usually doesn’t happen with children and pedophiles use different ways to satisfy and pleasure themselves. This is why it is hard to prove sexual abuse on children due to lack of DNA evidence. When sexual intercourse happen DNA tests can easily prove that but this is usually not the case with children. This is another problem in the legal system whi ch is exploited by pedophiles. Also laws made for the sex offenders are based on emotions and do not focus strategically on the eradication of the crime itself (Lynch, M. 2006). This is another reason why punishment received by pedophiles is not enough. The nature of the crime committed by pedophiles is different from other crimes. First of all it is important to understand that pedophilia is a mental disorder. It is not a crime like murder or theft where criminal is committing the crime at his or her own discretion. In the case of pedophilia criminal should be treated as a patient. He is doing the crime because he is mentally sick. This difference should be taken into account before sentencing a pedophile. The sentence of a pedophile should be